{"id":230,"date":"2016-10-10T12:47:48","date_gmt":"2016-10-10T09:47:48","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/stwww1.weizmann.ac.il\/lasers\/?p=230"},"modified":"2017-07-04T09:09:51","modified_gmt":"2017-07-04T06:09:51","slug":"2-1-%d7%9e%d7%95%d7%93%d7%9c-%d7%94%d7%90%d7%98%d7%95%d7%9d-%d7%9c%d7%a4%d7%99-%d7%91%d7%95%d7%94%d7%a8","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/stweizmann.proj.ac.il\/lasers\/?p=230","title":{"rendered":"2.1 \u05de\u05d5\u05d3\u05dc \u05d4\u05d0\u05d8\u05d5\u05dd \u05dc\u05e4\u05d9 \u05d1\u05d5\u05d4\u05e8"},"content":{"rendered":"<p>\u05db\u05e4\u05d9 \u05e9\u05d4\u05d6\u05db\u05e8\u05e0\u05d5 \u05d1\u05d4\u05e7\u05d3\u05de\u05d4: <span style=\"color: #800080\"><strong>\u05e4\u05e2\u05d5\u05dc\u05ea \u05d4\u05dc\u05d6\u05d9\u05e8\u05d4 \u05de\u05ea\u05d1\u05e6\u05e2\u05ea \u05ea\u05de\u05d9\u05d3 \u05d1\u05ea\u05d5\u05d5\u05da \u05d7\u05d5\u05de\u05e8\u05d9<\/strong><\/span>.<\/p>\n<p>\u05de\u05d0\u05d7\u05e8 \u05e9\u05ea\u05d5\u05d5\u05da \u05d6\u05d4 \u05de\u05d5\u05e8\u05db\u05d1 \u05de\u05d0\u05d8\u05d5\u05de\u05d9\u05dd, \u05db\u05d3\u05d0\u05d9 \u05e9\u05e0\u05d9\u05d6\u05db\u05e8 <strong>\u05d1\u05de\u05d1\u05e0\u05d4 \u05d4\u05d0\u05d8\u05d5\u05dd \u05d5\u05de\u05e6\u05d1\u05d9 \u05d4\u05d0\u05e0\u05e8\u05d2\u05d9\u05d4 \u05e9\u05dc\u05d5<\/strong>.<\/p>\n<p>\u05db\u05de\u05d5\u05d3\u05dc \u05e8\u05d0\u05e9\u05d5\u05e0\u05d9 \u05e0\u05ea\u05d9\u05d9\u05d7\u05e1 \u05dc\u05d0\u05d8\u05d5\u05dd \u05e2\u05dc \u05e4\u05d9<strong> \u05d4\u05de\u05d1\u05e0\u05d4 \u05d4\u05e7\u05dc\u05d0\u05e1\u05d9 \u05e9\u05dc\u05d5<\/strong>, \u05db\u05e4\u05d9 \u05e9\u05d4\u05d5\u05e6\u05e2 \u05d1\u05e9\u05e0\u05ea 1913 \u05e2&quot;\u05d9 <span style=\"color: #008000\"><strong>\u05e0\u05d9\u05dc\u05e1 \u05d1\u05d5\u05d4\u05e8<\/strong><\/span>, \u05d5\u05e0\u05e7\u05e8\u05d0 \u05e2\u05dc \u05e9\u05de\u05d5 <span style=\"color: #804000\"><strong>\u05de\u05d5\u05d3\u05dc \u05d4\u05d0\u05d8\u05d5\u05dd \u05e9\u05dc \u05d1\u05d5\u05d4\u05e8<\/strong><\/span>.<\/p>\n<p>[\u05d7\u05d5\u05de\u05e8 \u05d1\u05e2\u05d1\u05e8\u05d9\u05ea \u05e2\u05dc \u05e0\u05d5\u05e9\u05d0 \u05d6\u05d4 \u05e8\u05d0\u05d4 \u05e1\u05e2\u05d9\u05e3 \u05d31- \u05d1\u05e1\u05e4\u05e8: &quot;<span style=\"color: #800080\"><strong>\u05e0\u05d5\u05e9\u05d0\u05d9\u05dd \u05d1\u05e4\u05d9\u05d6\u05d9\u05e7\u05d4 \u05e9\u05dc \u05d4\u05de\u05d0\u05d4 \u05d4- 20<\/strong><\/span>&quot;, \u05d1\u05d4\u05d5\u05e6\u05d0\u05ea \u05de\u05db\u05d5\u05df \u05d5\u05d9\u05d9\u05e6\u05de\u05df \u05dc\u05de\u05d3\u05e2, 1992]<\/p>\n<p>\u05e2\u05dc \u05e4\u05d9 \u05de\u05d5\u05d3\u05dc \u05d6\u05d4 <strong>\u05db\u05dc \u05d0\u05d8\u05d5\u05dd \u05de\u05d5\u05e8\u05db\u05d1 \u05de\u05d2\u05e8\u05e2\u05d9\u05df \u05db\u05d1\u05d3 \u05d1\u05e2\u05dc \u05de\u05d8\u05e2\u05df \u05d7\u05e9\u05de\u05dc\u05d9 \u05d7\u05d9\u05d5\u05d1\u05d9 (Ze) \u05e9\u05e1\u05d1\u05d9\u05d1\u05d5 \u05e0\u05e2\u05d9\u05dd \u05d0\u05dc\u05e7\u05d8\u05e8\u05d5\u05e0\u05d9\u05dd \u05e9\u05dc\u05d9\u05dc\u05d9\u05d9\u05dd \u05d1\u05de\u05e1\u05dc\u05d5\u05dc\u05d9\u05dd \u05e7\u05d1\u05d5\u05e2\u05d9\u05dd \u05d5\u05de\u05d5\u05d2\u05d3\u05e8\u05d9\u05dd<\/strong>.<\/p>\n<p><strong>Z<\/strong> \u05de\u05e1\u05de\u05df \u05d0\u05ea \u05de\u05e1\u05e4\u05e8 \u05d4\u05e4\u05e8\u05d5\u05d8\u05d5\u05e0\u05d9\u05dd \u05d1\u05d2\u05e8\u05e2\u05d9\u05df \u05d5- <strong>e<\/strong> \u05d4\u05d5\u05d0 <span style=\"color: #008000\"><strong>\u05de\u05d8\u05e2\u05df \u05d4\u05d0\u05dc\u05e7\u05d8\u05e8\u05d5\u05df<\/strong><\/span>:<\/p>\n<p dir=\"ltr\" style=\"text-align: center\"><strong>e = 1.6*10<sup>-19<\/sup> [Coulomb]<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/stweizmann.proj.ac.il\/lasers\/?p=13\"><img decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignnone size-full wp-image-49\" src=\"https:\/\/stweizmann.proj.ac.il\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/57\/2016\/10\/Buttons_Previous5bCircle5d.png\" alt=\"\u05db\u05e4\u05ea\u05d5\u05e8 &quot;\u05d4\u05e7\u05d5\u05d3\u05dd&quot;\" width=\"148\" height=\"54\" \/><\/a> <a href=\"https:\/\/stweizmann.proj.ac.il\/lasers\/?p=236\"><img decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-48 alignleft\" src=\"https:\/\/stweizmann.proj.ac.il\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/57\/2016\/10\/Buttons_Next-5bSquare5d.png\" alt=\"\u05db\u05e4\u05ea\u05d5\u05e8 &quot;\u05d4\u05d1\u05d0&quot;\" width=\"148\" height=\"54\" \/><\/a><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>\u05db\u05e4\u05d9 \u05e9\u05d4\u05d6\u05db\u05e8\u05e0\u05d5 \u05d1\u05d4\u05e7\u05d3\u05de\u05d4: \u05e4\u05e2\u05d5\u05dc\u05ea \u05d4\u05dc\u05d6\u05d9\u05e8\u05d4 \u05de\u05ea\u05d1\u05e6\u05e2\u05ea \u05ea\u05de\u05d9\u05d3 \u05d1\u05ea\u05d5\u05d5\u05da \u05d7\u05d5\u05de\u05e8\u05d9. \u05de\u05d0\u05d7\u05e8 \u05e9\u05ea\u05d5\u05d5\u05da \u05d6\u05d4 \u05de\u05d5\u05e8\u05db\u05d1 \u05de\u05d0\u05d8\u05d5\u05de\u05d9\u05dd, \u05db\u05d3\u05d0\u05d9 \u05e9\u05e0\u05d9\u05d6\u05db\u05e8 \u05d1\u05de\u05d1\u05e0\u05d4 \u05d4\u05d0\u05d8\u05d5\u05dd \u05d5\u05de\u05e6\u05d1\u05d9 \u05d4\u05d0\u05e0\u05e8\u05d2\u05d9\u05d4 \u05e9\u05dc\u05d5. \u05db\u05de\u05d5\u05d3\u05dc \u05e8\u05d0\u05e9\u05d5\u05e0\u05d9 \u05e0\u05ea\u05d9\u05d9\u05d7\u05e1 \u05dc\u05d0\u05d8\u05d5\u05dd \u05e2\u05dc \u05e4\u05d9 \u05d4\u05de\u05d1\u05e0\u05d4 \u05d4\u05e7\u05dc\u05d0\u05e1\u05d9 \u05e9\u05dc\u05d5, \u05db\u05e4\u05d9 \u05e9\u05d4\u05d5\u05e6\u05e2 \u05d1\u05e9\u05e0\u05ea 1913 \u05e2&quot;\u05d9 \u05e0\u05d9\u05dc\u05e1 \u05d1\u05d5\u05d4\u05e8, \u05d5\u05e0\u05e7\u05e8\u05d0 \u05e2\u05dc \u05e9\u05de\u05d5 &hellip; <a href=\"https:\/\/stweizmann.proj.ac.il\/lasers\/?p=230\">\u05dc\u05d4\u05de\u05e9\u05da \u05e7\u05e8\u05d9\u05d0\u05d4  <span class=\"meta-nav\">&larr;<\/span><\/a><\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":6,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"om_disable_all_campaigns":false,"_monsterinsights_skip_tracking":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[12],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-230","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-2-1----"],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v28.2 - https:\/\/yoast.com\/product\/yoast-seo-wordpress\/ -->\n<title>2.1 \u05de\u05d5\u05d3\u05dc \u05d4\u05d0\u05d8\u05d5\u05dd \u05dc\u05e4\u05d9 \u05d1\u05d5\u05d4\u05e8 - \u05dc\u05d9\u05d9\u05d6\u05e8\u05d9\u05dd \u05d5\u05d9\u05d9\u05e9\u05d5\u05de\u05d9\u05d4\u05dd<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/stweizmann.proj.ac.il\/lasers\/?p=230\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"he_IL\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"2.1 \u05de\u05d5\u05d3\u05dc \u05d4\u05d0\u05d8\u05d5\u05dd \u05dc\u05e4\u05d9 \u05d1\u05d5\u05d4\u05e8 - \u05dc\u05d9\u05d9\u05d6\u05e8\u05d9\u05dd \u05d5\u05d9\u05d9\u05e9\u05d5\u05de\u05d9\u05d4\u05dd\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"\u05db\u05e4\u05d9 \u05e9\u05d4\u05d6\u05db\u05e8\u05e0\u05d5 \u05d1\u05d4\u05e7\u05d3\u05de\u05d4: \u05e4\u05e2\u05d5\u05dc\u05ea \u05d4\u05dc\u05d6\u05d9\u05e8\u05d4 \u05de\u05ea\u05d1\u05e6\u05e2\u05ea \u05ea\u05de\u05d9\u05d3 \u05d1\u05ea\u05d5\u05d5\u05da \u05d7\u05d5\u05de\u05e8\u05d9. \u05de\u05d0\u05d7\u05e8 \u05e9\u05ea\u05d5\u05d5\u05da \u05d6\u05d4 \u05de\u05d5\u05e8\u05db\u05d1 \u05de\u05d0\u05d8\u05d5\u05de\u05d9\u05dd, \u05db\u05d3\u05d0\u05d9 \u05e9\u05e0\u05d9\u05d6\u05db\u05e8 \u05d1\u05de\u05d1\u05e0\u05d4 \u05d4\u05d0\u05d8\u05d5\u05dd \u05d5\u05de\u05e6\u05d1\u05d9 \u05d4\u05d0\u05e0\u05e8\u05d2\u05d9\u05d4 \u05e9\u05dc\u05d5. \u05db\u05de\u05d5\u05d3\u05dc \u05e8\u05d0\u05e9\u05d5\u05e0\u05d9 \u05e0\u05ea\u05d9\u05d9\u05d7\u05e1 \u05dc\u05d0\u05d8\u05d5\u05dd \u05e2\u05dc \u05e4\u05d9 \u05d4\u05de\u05d1\u05e0\u05d4 \u05d4\u05e7\u05dc\u05d0\u05e1\u05d9 \u05e9\u05dc\u05d5, \u05db\u05e4\u05d9 \u05e9\u05d4\u05d5\u05e6\u05e2 \u05d1\u05e9\u05e0\u05ea 1913 \u05e2&quot;\u05d9 \u05e0\u05d9\u05dc\u05e1 \u05d1\u05d5\u05d4\u05e8, \u05d5\u05e0\u05e7\u05e8\u05d0 \u05e2\u05dc \u05e9\u05de\u05d5 &hellip; \u05dc\u05d4\u05de\u05e9\u05da \u05e7\u05e8\u05d9\u05d0\u05d4 &larr;\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:url\" content=\"https:\/\/stweizmann.proj.ac.il\/lasers\/?p=230\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:site_name\" content=\"\u05dc\u05d9\u05d9\u05d6\u05e8\u05d9\u05dd \u05d5\u05d9\u05d9\u05e9\u05d5\u05de\u05d9\u05d4\u05dd\" \/>\n<meta property=\"article:published_time\" content=\"2016-10-10T09:47:48+00:00\" \/>\n<meta property=\"article:modified_time\" content=\"2017-07-04T06:09:51+00:00\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:image\" content=\"https:\/\/stweizmann.proj.ac.il\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/57\/2016\/10\/Buttons_Previous5bCircle5d.png\" \/>\n<meta name=\"author\" content=\"marina\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:card\" content=\"summary_large_image\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:label1\" content=\"\u05e0\u05db\u05ea\u05d1 \u05e2\u05dc \u05d9\u05d3\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:data1\" content=\"marina\" \/>\n<script type=\"application\/ld+json\" class=\"yoast-schema-graph\">{\"@context\":\"https:\\\/\\\/schema.org\",\"@graph\":[{\"@type\":\"Article\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/stweizmann.proj.ac.il\\\/lasers\\\/?p=230#article\",\"isPartOf\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/stweizmann.proj.ac.il\\\/lasers\\\/?p=230\"},\"author\":{\"name\":\"marina\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/stweizmann.proj.ac.il\\\/lasers\\\/#\\\/schema\\\/person\\\/a2c9316b873c3eec7b44a1db4b1a3cf5\"},\"headline\":\"2.1 \u05de\u05d5\u05d3\u05dc \u05d4\u05d0\u05d8\u05d5\u05dd 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[\u05d7\u05d5\u05de\u05e8 \u05d1\u05e2\u05d1\u05e8\u05d9\u05ea \u05e2\u05dc \u05e0\u05d5\u05e9\u05d0 \u05d6\u05d4 \u05e8\u05d0\u05d4 \u05e1\u05e2\u05d9\u05e3 \u05d31- \u05d1\u05e1\u05e4\u05e8: &quot;\u05e0\u05d5\u05e9\u05d0\u05d9\u05dd \u05d1\u05e4\u05d9\u05d6\u05d9\u05e7\u05d4\" \/>\n\t\t<meta property=\"og:url\" content=\"https:\/\/stweizmann.proj.ac.il\/lasers\/?p=230\" \/>\n\t\t<meta property=\"article:published_time\" content=\"2016-10-10T09:47:48+00:00\" \/>\n\t\t<meta property=\"article:modified_time\" content=\"2017-07-04T06:09:51+00:00\" \/>\n\t\t<meta name=\"twitter:card\" content=\"summary_large_image\" \/>\n\t\t<meta name=\"twitter:title\" content=\"2.1 \u05de\u05d5\u05d3\u05dc \u05d4\u05d0\u05d8\u05d5\u05dd \u05dc\u05e4\u05d9 \u05d1\u05d5\u05d4\u05e8 - \u05dc\u05d9\u05d9\u05d6\u05e8\u05d9\u05dd \u05d5\u05d9\u05d9\u05e9\u05d5\u05de\u05d9\u05d4\u05dd\" \/>\n\t\t<meta name=\"twitter:description\" content=\"\u05db\u05e4\u05d9 \u05e9\u05d4\u05d6\u05db\u05e8\u05e0\u05d5 \u05d1\u05d4\u05e7\u05d3\u05de\u05d4: \u05e4\u05e2\u05d5\u05dc\u05ea \u05d4\u05dc\u05d6\u05d9\u05e8\u05d4 \u05de\u05ea\u05d1\u05e6\u05e2\u05ea \u05ea\u05de\u05d9\u05d3 \u05d1\u05ea\u05d5\u05d5\u05da \u05d7\u05d5\u05de\u05e8\u05d9. \u05de\u05d0\u05d7\u05e8 \u05e9\u05ea\u05d5\u05d5\u05da \u05d6\u05d4 \u05de\u05d5\u05e8\u05db\u05d1 \u05de\u05d0\u05d8\u05d5\u05de\u05d9\u05dd, \u05db\u05d3\u05d0\u05d9 \u05e9\u05e0\u05d9\u05d6\u05db\u05e8 \u05d1\u05de\u05d1\u05e0\u05d4 \u05d4\u05d0\u05d8\u05d5\u05dd \u05d5\u05de\u05e6\u05d1\u05d9 \u05d4\u05d0\u05e0\u05e8\u05d2\u05d9\u05d4 \u05e9\u05dc\u05d5. \u05db\u05de\u05d5\u05d3\u05dc \u05e8\u05d0\u05e9\u05d5\u05e0\u05d9 \u05e0\u05ea\u05d9\u05d9\u05d7\u05e1 \u05dc\u05d0\u05d8\u05d5\u05dd \u05e2\u05dc \u05e4\u05d9 \u05d4\u05de\u05d1\u05e0\u05d4 \u05d4\u05e7\u05dc\u05d0\u05e1\u05d9 \u05e9\u05dc\u05d5, \u05db\u05e4\u05d9 \u05e9\u05d4\u05d5\u05e6\u05e2 \u05d1\u05e9\u05e0\u05ea 1913 \u05e2&quot;\u05d9 \u05e0\u05d9\u05dc\u05e1 \u05d1\u05d5\u05d4\u05e8, \u05d5\u05e0\u05e7\u05e8\u05d0 \u05e2\u05dc \u05e9\u05de\u05d5 \u05de\u05d5\u05d3\u05dc \u05d4\u05d0\u05d8\u05d5\u05dd \u05e9\u05dc \u05d1\u05d5\u05d4\u05e8. 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